【英语语法百宝箱】同位语从句

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The news that a Pakistan girl stood up for education and was nearly killed by the Taliban surprised the whole world.

被同位语从句修饰的词往往是抽象的，例如 hope，news，fact，idea，question等等。

There is no question that teenagers need rules .

毫无疑问，青少年需要规则。

Malala, a seventeen-year-old girl , became the youngest person ever to be given a Nobel Peace Prize.

Nobel Peace Prize = 诺贝尔和平奖

将下面两句哈合成简洁的一句话。

1. Mark Zuckerberg delivered a speech at Harvard University.

2. He is the founder of Facebook.

答案

Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook , delivered a speech at Harvard University.

同位语的一般特征

一般情况下，同位语一般都紧紧跟在被修饰的词后面。

同位语的分隔

同位语跟被修饰词也可以被一些词隔开，例如 for example，such as，including等等。

She has won many prizes, including the Nobel Peace Prize .

同位语从句

由句子做同位语，是名词性从句的一种。

Lang Lang, a world-class pianist, is such a promising young man.

promising = 有前途的

同位语从句形式一：that + 句子

This early success gave his father high hopes that Lang Lang would become a great pianist .

练习

用英语表达：我们队赢了比赛的消息太棒了！

“It's great news that our team won the match!”

注意：that不能省略。

同位语从句形式二：whether + 句子

Whether he would become a great pianist worried / troubled Lang Lang a lot.

trouble = 使麻烦

a lot = much = 非常

注意：同位语从句中，表示“是否”只能用whether。

同位语从句形式三：其他引导词 + 句子

that 和 whether 最常见，例如when, where, who 等

Hawking was exploring the question of where the boundaries of the Universe are .

霍金探索过宇宙的边界。

The news that a Pakistan girl stood up for education and was nearly killed by the Taliban surprised the whole world.

一则巴基斯坦女孩为教育权利发声而差点被塔利班杀害的消息震惊了全世界。

尝试用本节课所学的同位语和同位语从句来表达下面这段话：

1. 一则小女孩获得诺贝尔和平奖的新闻震惊了全世界。

The news that a girl won the Nobel Peace Prize surprised the whole world.

2. 17岁巴基斯坦少女马拉拉为妇女和儿童教育发声而差点被塔利班杀害。

Malala, a seventeen-year-old girl , was nearly killed by the Taliban because of the declaration for women and children education.

3. 幸运地是，她活了下来，并继续关心一些儿童是否能上学的问题。

Luckily, she survived and continued to care about the question whether some children could go to school .

《高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

语法?同位语从句用法小结(2)

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为?建议；命令；要求?的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用?should +动词原形?的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer. 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

The government gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别（1）

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别（2）

that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别（3）

whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

区别（4）

1. 从词义角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。

2. 从搭配角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：

先行词是?人?，引导词用?who?等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是?question，idea，doubt等?。

六、典型例题

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.

析：he will be back意义不完整，应加?什么时候?的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home，perhaps by bike.

析：he went home意义不完整，应加?如何?的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

例3：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（NMET2001上海）

A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.

A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例4：She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth.（MET91）

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can?t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

重要链接：同位语从句专项语法习题

[1][2] 《高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)》由liuxue86.com我整理

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